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ships clock

Толкование Перевод

1 часы

clock, timer, watch

* * *
часы́ мн.
( любые) timepiece; ( карманные или ручные) watch; ( остальные) clock
заводи́ть часы́ — wind (up) a clock

часы́ отстаю́т — a timepiece loses

подводи́ть часы́ вперё́д или наза́д — set the watch forward or backward

часы́ с 8-дне́вным заво́дом — 8-day windup clock

часы́ торо́пятся [ухо́дят вперё́д] — the timepiece gains

установи́ть часы́ по, напр. моско́вскому вре́мени — set ones watch according to, e. g., Moscow time

антимагни́тные часы́ — nonmagnetic watch

астрономи́ческие часы́ — astronomical clock

а́томные часы́ — atomic clock

га́зовые часы́ — wet-gas meter

доро́жные часы́ — travel clock

звё́здные часы́ — sidereal clock

индика́торные часы́ — dial indicator

камерто́нные часы́ — tuning fork clock

ква́рцевые часы́ — quartz-crystal [crystal-controlled] clock

ма́ятниковые часы́ — (free) pendulum clock

молекуля́рные часы́ — molecular clock

нару́чные часы́ — wristwatch

песо́чные часы́ — sand glass

процеду́рные часы́ — medical clock

радиомая́чные часы́ — time-signal radio [time-signal broadcasting] station

со́лнечные часы́ — sun-clock, sundial

судовы́е часы́ — ships clock

часы́ с цифровы́м отсчё́том — digital clock

та́бельные часы́ — portal time clock

ша́хматные часы́ — chess-clock

щитовы́е часы́ — instrument-panel [switchboard] clock

электри́ческие часы́ — electric clock

электро́нные часы́ — electronic clock

Русско-английский политехнический словарь > часы
2 прерывание от часов

clock interrupt

стенные часы — wall clock

судовые часы — ships clock

атомные часы — atomic clock

атомный часы — atomic clock

башенные часы — tower clock

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > прерывание от часов
3 синхронизировать часы

clock

стенные часы — wall clock

судовые часы — ships clock

атомные часы — atomic clock

атомный часы — atomic clock

башенные часы — tower clock

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > синхронизировать часы
4 часы

мн. timepiece; watch; clock

заводить часы — wind a clock

часы отстают — a timepiece loses

подводить часы вперёд или назад — set the watch forward or backward

часы с 8-дневным заводом — 8-day windup clock

часы торопятся — the timepiece gains

антимагнитные часы — nonmagnetic watch

астрономические часы — astronomical clock

атомные часы — atomic clock

газовые часы — wet-gas meter

дорожные часы — travel clock

звёздные часы — sidereal clock

индикаторные часы — dial indicator

камертонные часы — tuning fork clock

кварцевые часы — quartz-crystal clock

маятниковые часы — pendulum clock

молекулярные часы — molecular clock

наручные часы — wristwatch

песочные часы — sand glass

процедурные часы — medical clock

радиомаячные часы — time-signal radio station

солнечные часы — sun-clock

судовые часы — ships clock

часы с цифровым отсчётом — digital clock

табельные часы — portal time clock

шахматные часы — chess-clock

щитовые часы — instrument-panel clock

биологической часы — biological clock

маятник часов — the ticker of a clock

мои часы сломались — my watch is bust

прерывание от часов — clock interrupt

пружина часов — the spring of a watch

Синонимический ряд:

пора (сущ.) время; миг; минута; минуту; момент; пора; пору; час

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > часы
5 цифровые часы

1. digital time unit

часы, когда все сотрудники должны быть на работе — core time

показывать время; показывать, который час — to tell the time

эквивалент в рабочих часах — straight time equivalent hours

время, необходимое на переходы в часы работы — travel time

цифровой датчик времени; цифровые часы — digital time unit

2. digital clock

стенные часы — wall clock

судовые часы — ships clock

атомные часы — atomic clock

атомный часы — atomic clock

башенные часы — tower clock

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > цифровые часы
6 управление от электронных часов

electronic clock control

стенные часы — wall clock

судовые часы — ships clock

атомные часы — atomic clock

атомный часы — atomic clock

башенные часы — tower clock

Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > управление от электронных часов
7 бортовые часы

space clock

стенные часы — wall clock

судовые часы — ships clock

атомные часы — atomic clock

атомный часы — atomic clock

башенные часы — tower clock

Авиация и космонавтика. Русско-английский словарь > бортовые часы
8 табельные часы

time clock

дневной час — day time

час пения — singing time

звездный час — lucky time

стенные часы — wall clock

судовые часы — ships clock

Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > табельные часы
9 noche

f.

night.

a las diez de la noche at ten o'clock at night

al caer o cuando cae la noche at nightfall

ayer (por la) noche last night

esta noche tonight; (próxima) last night (pasada)

hacer noche en to stay the night in

hacerse de noche to get dark

pasar la noche en claro o vela to have a sleepless night

de noche at night (peninsular SpanishAm)

por la noche at night (peninsular SpanishAm)

en la noche at night (peninsular SpanishAm)

trabaja de noche she works nights

buenas noches good evening; (saludo) good night (despedida)

de la noche a la mañana overnight

ser la noche y el día to be as different as night and day

noche de bodas wedding night

noche de gala gala evening

noche de Reyes Twelfth Night

* * *

noche

► nombre femenino

1 (gen) night; (al atardecer) evening

■ esta noche salimos we are going out tonight

■ hasta mañana por la noche see you tomorrow night

■ ¡pero, si son las 10 de la noche! look at the time, it's ten o'clock!

■ llegaremos de noche it'll be dark when we arrive

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

ayer (por la) noche last night

buenas noches (saludo) good evening 2 (despedida) good night

de noche todos los gatos son pardos all cats are grey in the dark

hacer noche en to spend the night in

■ hicimos noche en Belfast we stayed overnight in Belfast

hacer turno de noche to work nights

hacerse de noche to grow dark

la noche de los tiempos the dawn of time

noche y día day and night

pasar mala noche to sleep badly, have a bad night

pasar la noche en blanco not to sleep a wink all night

por la noche at night, after dark

■ llegamos por la noche we arrived after dark

■ por la noche no abren it is not open at night

ser de noche to be dark

ser noche cerrada to be pitch dark

ser la noche y el día to be like chalk and cheese

de la noche a la mañana figurado overnight

media noche midnight

noche toledana familiar sleepless night

* * *

noun f.

1) night

2) evening

•

- esta noche

* * *

SF

1) (=parte del día) night

a las once de la noche — at eleven o'clock at night

la alarma no dejó de sonar en toda la noche — the alarm didn't stop ringing all night

"Las mil y una noches" — "The Arabian Nights"

• ayer noche — last night

• ¡ buenas noches! — (=al atardecer) good evening!; (=al despedirse o al acostarse) good night!

• de noche — [como adv] at night; [como adj] night antes de s

tiene miedo a salir de noche a la calle — she is afraid to go out after dark o at night

viajaban de noche y dormían durante el día — they travelled by night and slept during the day

crema de noche — night cream

turno de noche — night shift

traje de noche — evening dress

• en la noche de ayer — last night

• en la noche de hoy — tonight

en la noche del martes — on Tuesday night

• hasta muy entrada la noche — till late into the night, into the small hours

• esta noche — (=hoy por la noche) tonight; (=anoche) last night

¿qué hay en la tele esta noche? — what's on TV tonight?

no he podido dormir esta noche — I couldn't sleep last night

• hacer noche en un sitio — to spend the night somewhere

• media noche — midnight

• por la noche o LAm en la noche o Arg, Uru a la noche — at night

cuando se echa una siesta luego por la noche no duerme — when he has a siesta, he doesn't sleep at night

mañana por la noche — tomorrow night

el lunes por la noche — on Monday night

- de la noche a la mañana

- pasar la noche en blanco o de claro en claro o en vela

- perderse en la noche de los tiempos

noche de amor — night of passion

noche de bodas — wedding-night

noche de estreno — (Teat) first night, opening night

noche de los cuchillos largos — night of the long knives

noche toledana — sleepless night

Noche Vieja — New Year's Eve
función 5), gato I, 1., 1)
2) (=oscuridad)

• al caer la noche — at nightfall

• ya es noche cerrada — it's completely dark now

• es de noche — it is dark

ahora es de noche y no se ve nada — it's dark now and you can't see a thing

cuando sea de noche, volveremos al refugio — when night falls o when it's dark, we'll return to the shelter

• hacerse de noche — to get dark

3)

• la noche — (=vida nocturna) nightlife

aquí se vive intensamente la noche — the nightlife is very lively here

es el local de moda de la noche neoyorquina — it is the trendiest nightspot on the New York scene

* * *

femenino

1) ( período de tiempo) night

la noche anterior — the night before, the previous evening

a altas horas de la noche — in the small hours

esta noche — tonight, this evening

a las ocho de la noche — at eight o'clock in the evening o at night

2)

a) ( oscuridad) night

antes de que caiga la noche — before it gets dark, before nightfall

en la noche de los tiempos — (liter) in the mists of time (liter)

b) (liter) ( tristeza) sadness, gloom

3) (en locs)

buenas noches — ( al saludar) good evening; ( al despedirse) goodnight

de noche — <trabajar/conducir> at night

ahora es de noche en el Japón — it's night o nighttime now in Japan

se hizo de noche — it got dark, night fell

en la or (esp Esp) en la or (RPl) a la noche: por la noche fuimos al teatro in the evening we went to the theater; el lunes por la noche on Monday evening/night; de la noche a la mañana overnight; hacer noche to spend the night; pasar la noche en blanco to have a sleepless night; pasar la noche en vela (vigilando, esperando a alguien) to sit o stay up all night; ( no poder dormir) to have a sleepless night; de noche todos los gatos son pardos or (AmL) negros — no one will notice (in the dark)

•

- Noche Vieja

* * *

= night.

Nota: Período del día.

Ex. And two of them I heard two nights ago on 'All in the Family'.

----

* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.

* abierto por la noche = late night.

* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.

* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.

* al amparo de la noche = under cover of night.

* al caer la noche = at nightfall.

* aventura de una sola noche = one-night stand.

* bajo el manto de la noche = under the cover of darkness, under the cloak of darkness.

* bien entrada la noche = late at night.

* como barcos que se cruzan (en la noche) = like passing ships (in the night).

* como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.

* como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.

* dama de noche = night jasmine.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de la noche a la mañana = overnight.

* del día o de la noche = day or night.

* de noche = after dark.

* desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.

* Día + por la noche = Día + night.

* día y noche = round the clock, day and night, night and day, around the clock.

* dormir la noche = stay overnight.

* durante la noche = overnight, night-time.

* durante toda la noche = all-night, all night long.

* en lo más profundo de la noche = in the dead of night.

* en mitad de la noche = in the dead of night.

* esta noche = tonight, tonite.

* galán de noche = night jasmine, clothes valet, men's valet.

* hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.

* lámpara de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.

* ligue de una sola noche = one-night stand.

* lugar donde las aves pasan la noche = roost.

* lunes por la noche, el = Monday night.

* luz de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.

* mañana por la noche = tomorrow night.

* mañana, tarde y noche = around the clock.

* medianoche = midnight.

* mesita de noche = bedside table.

* noche + caer = night + fall.

* noche de bodas = wedding night.

* noche de entre semana = weeknight.

* noche de luna = moonlit night.

* noche de luz de luna = moonlight night.

* noche en blanco = sleepless night.

* noche nupcial = wedding night.

* noche sin poder dormir = sleepless night.

* noche tras noche = night after night.

* noche y día = day and night, night and day.

* pasar la noche = spend + the night, stay overnight.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = night and day.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* portero de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].

* ruidos de la noche = things that go bump in the night.

* ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.

* ser de la noche = night creature.

* tarde noche = late evening.

* toda la noche = all night long.

* trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.

* trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.

* trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.

* traje de noche = evening wear.

* turno de noche = night shift [night-shift].

* una noche tras otra = night after night.

* un + Nombre + a altas horas de la noche = a late night + Nombre.

* vestido de noche = evening dress, evening gown.

* vigilante de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].

* * *

femenino

1) ( período de tiempo) night

la noche anterior — the night before, the previous evening

a altas horas de la noche — in the small hours

esta noche — tonight, this evening

a las ocho de la noche — at eight o'clock in the evening o at night

2)

a) ( oscuridad) night

antes de que caiga la noche — before it gets dark, before nightfall

en la noche de los tiempos — (liter) in the mists of time (liter)

b) (liter) ( tristeza) sadness, gloom

3) (en locs)

buenas noches — ( al saludar) good evening; ( al despedirse) goodnight

de noche — <trabajar/conducir> at night

ahora es de noche en el Japón — it's night o nighttime now in Japan

se hizo de noche — it got dark, night fell

en la or (esp Esp) en la or (RPl) a la noche: por la noche fuimos al teatro in the evening we went to the theater; el lunes por la noche on Monday evening/night; de la noche a la mañana overnight; hacer noche to spend the night; pasar la noche en blanco to have a sleepless night; pasar la noche en vela (vigilando, esperando a alguien) to sit o stay up all night; ( no poder dormir) to have a sleepless night; de noche todos los gatos son pardos or (AmL) negros — no one will notice (in the dark)

•

- Noche Vieja

* * *

= night.

Nota: Período del día.

Ex: And two of them I heard two nights ago on 'All in the Family'.

* a altas horas de la noche = late at night.

* abierto por la noche = late night.

* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any hour of the day or night, at any time of the day or night.

* a la caída de la noche = at nightfall, at twilight.

* al amparo de la noche = under cover of night.

* al caer la noche = at nightfall.

* aventura de una sola noche = one-night stand.

* bajo el manto de la noche = under the cover of darkness, under the cloak of darkness.

* bien entrada la noche = late at night.

* como barcos que se cruzan (en la noche) = like passing ships (in the night).

* como el día y la noche = worlds apart, like oil and water, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.

* como la noche y el día = like oil and water, worlds apart, like chalk and cheese, like apples and oranges.

* dama de noche = night jasmine.

* de día y de noche = day and night, night and day.

* de la noche a la mañana = overnight.

* del día o de la noche = day or night.

* de noche = after dark.

* desde la mañana a la noche = from morning to night.

* Día + por la noche = Día + night.

* día y noche = round the clock, day and night, night and day, around the clock.

* dormir la noche = stay overnight.

* durante la noche = overnight, night-time.

* durante toda la noche = all-night, all night long.

* en lo más profundo de la noche = in the dead of night.

* en mitad de la noche = in the dead of night.

* esta noche = tonight, tonite.

* galán de noche = night jasmine, clothes valet, men's valet.

* hacer de la noche día = burn + the candle at both ends.

* lámpara de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.

* ligue de una sola noche = one-night stand.

* lugar donde las aves pasan la noche = roost.

* lunes por la noche, el = Monday night.

* luz de mesita de noche = bedside lamp.

* mañana por la noche = tomorrow night.

* mañana, tarde y noche = around the clock.

* medianoche = midnight.

* mesita de noche = bedside table.

* noche + caer = night + fall.

* noche de bodas = wedding night.

* noche de entre semana = weeknight.

* noche de luna = moonlit night.

* noche de luz de luna = moonlight night.

* noche en blanco = sleepless night.

* noche nupcial = wedding night.

* noche sin poder dormir = sleepless night.

* noche tras noche = night after night.

* noche y día = day and night, night and day.

* pasar la noche = spend + the night, stay overnight.

* por el día o por la noche = day or night.

* por el día y por la noche = night and day.

* por el día y por la noche = day and night.

* por la mañana y por la noche = morning and night.

* por la noche = overnight, at night, night-time, after dark, by night.

* portero de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].

* ruidos de la noche = things that go bump in the night.

* ser como el día y la noche = different as night and day.

* ser de la noche = night creature.

* tarde noche = late evening.

* toda la noche = all night long.

* trabajar de día y de noche = work + day and night.

* trabajar día y noche = work + Reflexivo + to the ground, work + Reflexivo + to death, work (a)round + the clock.

* trabajar noche y día = work + day and night.

* traje de noche = evening wear.

* turno de noche = night shift [night-shift].

* una noche tras otra = night after night.

* un + Nombre + a altas horas de la noche = a late night + Nombre.

* vestido de noche = evening dress, evening gown.

* vigilante de noche = nightman [nightmen, -pl.].

* * *

noche

feminine

A [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] (período de tiempo) night

el bebé lloró toda la noche the baby cried all night

la noche anterior habíamos cenado juntos we'd had dinner together the night before o the previous evening

a altas horas de la noche late at night, in the small hours

¿tienes ganas de salir esta noche? do you feel like going out tonight o this evening?

a las ocho de la noche at eight o'clock in the evening o at night

a las diez de la noche at ten o'clock at night

B

1 (oscuridad) night

a las seis de la tarde ya es noche cerrada it's completely dark by six o'clock

vuelve antes de que caiga la noche come back before it gets dark o before nightfall

en la noche de los tiempos ( liter); in the mists of time ( liter)

2 ( liter) (tristeza) sadness, gloom

C ( en locs):

buenas noches (al saludar) good evening; (al despedirse) goodnight

de noche: trabajan de noche they work at night

me llamó el jueves de noche she called me on Thursday night/evening

ahora es de noche en el Japón it's night o nighttime now in Japan

se hizo de noche it got dark, night fell

ya es de noche it's already dark

por la noche or ( AmL) en la noche or ( Arg) a la noche: por la noche fuimos al teatro in the evening we went to the theater

el lunes por la noche on Monday evening/night

no me gusta salir sola por la noche I don't like going out on my own at night

de la noche a la mañana overnight

cambió de opinión de la noche a la mañana he changed his mind from one day to the next o overnight

hacer noche to spend the night

pasar la noche en blanco to have a sleepless night

pasé la noche en blanco I had a sleepless night, I didn't sleep a wink ( colloq)

pasar la noche en vela (vigilando, esperando a algn) to sit o stay up all night; (no poder dormir) to have a sleepless night

pasamos la noche en vela esperando que volviera we waited up for him all night

pasar una noche toledana ( Esp fam); to have a terrible night

de noche todos los gatos son pardos no-one will notice (in the dark)

Compuestos:

● noche de bodas

wedding night

● noche de estreno

first night

● Noche Vieja

New Year's Eve ( the evening)

* * *

noche sustantivo femenino
a) night;

◊ la noche anterior the night before, the previous evening;

esta noche tonight, this evening;
¡buenas noches! ( al saludar) good evening!;

( al despedirse) goodnight
b) ( en locs)

◊ de noche ‹trabajar/conducir› at night;

‹vestido/función› evening ( before n);
◊ hacerse de noche to get dark;

en la or (esp Esp) por la or (RPl) a la noche: en la noche fuimos al teatro in the evening we went to the theater;
el lunes en la noche on Monday evening/night;
de la noche a la mañana overnight
noche sustantivo femenino
1 night
2 (espacio de tiempo: antes de las diez) evening
(: después de las diez) night, night-time: me llamó de noche, he phoned me at night
nos veremos por la noche, we'll meet this evening
esta noche, tonight ➣ Ver nota en tarde
♦ Locuciones: hacer noche, to spend the night [en, at/in]
pasar la noche en blanco, to have a sleepless night
ser como la noche y el día, to be like night and day
buenas noches, (saludo) good evening, (despedida) good night
de la noche a la mañana, overnight
traje/vestido de noche, evening dress
' noche' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aciaga
- aciago
- acribillar
- amarrar
- auto
- ayer
- blanca
- blanco
- buena
- bueno
- caer
- calor
- dar
- dado
- de
- destellar
- día
- durante
- empeorar
- fin
- galán
- garito
- gustar
- hacer
- insomnio
- intemperie
- interlunio
- interrogar
- mesilla
- mesita
- plato
- plena
- pleno
- por
- resplandecer
- rondar
- soñar
- tanta
- tanto
- toledana
- toledano
- vagar
- vela
- velador
- bien
- buró
- comer
- comprometer
- doce
- en
English:
ahead
- all
- all-night
- alone
- approve of
- available
- averse
- battle
- bedside lamp
- bedside table
- blunder
- box
- by
- camp out
- clock
- cover
- crack
- cricket
- crying
- day
- dead
- deep
- discuss
- done
- escort
- evening
- evening dress
- evening gown
- far
- flicker
- flurry
- goblin
- grapple
- guest
- have
- informal
- inn
- into
- late
- lentil
- long
- love
- midnight
- mist
- moonlit
- moor
- night
- night-time
- nightlong
- nightly

* * *

noche nf

1. [en oposición al día] night;
[atardecer] evening;
una noche cerrada a dark night;

una noche de perros a foul night;

el turno de noche the night shift;

un lugar clásico de la noche neoyorquina a classic New York nightspot;

a las diez de la noche at ten o'clock at night;

a estas horas de la noche at this time of night;

ayer (por la) noche last night;

bien entrada la noche late at night;

de noche at night;

trabaja de noche she works nights;

esta noche tonight;

de noche, Esp [m5]por la noche, Am [m5]en la noche, Arg [m5] a la noche at night;

mañana/el sábado Esp [m5] por la noche o Am [m5] en la noche o Arg [m5] a la noche tomorrow/Saturday night;

salir de noche o Esp [m5] por la noche o Am [m5] en la noche o Arg [m5] a la noche to go out in the evening;

toda la noche all night;

vemos la tele todas las noches we watch the TV every night;

mi manzanilla de todas las noches my nightly cup of camomile tea;

buenas noches [saludo] good evening;
[despedida] good night;
de la noche a la mañana overnight;

hicimos noche en Puebla we spent the night in Puebla;

noche y día [constantemente] day and night;

Comp

pasar la noche en claro o [m5] vela [sin poder dormir] to have a sleepless night;
[trabajando, cuidando de alguien] to be up all night;
Comp

ser (como) o [m5] parecerse como la noche y el día to be as different as night and day;

Comp
Esp Fam
pasar una noche toledana to have a sleepless night, not to sleep a wink

Comp
noche de bodas wedding night;
la noche del estreno the first o opening night;

noche temática [en televisión] themed evening

2. [oscuridad]
al caer o [m5] cuando cae la noche at nightfall;

antes de que caiga la noche before nightfall, before it gets dark;

hacerse de noche to get dark;

a las cinco ya es de noche it's already dark by five o'clock;
Literario
en la noche de los tiempos in the mists of time

* * *

noche

f night;

¡buenas noches! saludo good evening; despedida good night;

de noche, por la noche, L.Am.

en la noche at night;

hacerse de noche get dark;

muy de noche, muy entrada la noche well into the night;

llegó a casa muy entrada la noche he got home very late;

de la noche a la mañana fig overnight

* * *

noche nf

1) : night, nighttime, evening

2)

buenas noches : good evening, good night

3)

de noche or

por la noche : at night

4)

hacerse de noche : to get dark

* * *

noche n (en general) night

las noches son más cortas en verano the nights are shorter in summer

trabajan de noche they work at night

vamos a bailar los sábados por la noche we go dancing on Saturday nights

Según la época del año y según la hora, teniendo en cuenta si los días son más o menos cortos, se puede decir evening en vez de night

esta noche tonight / this evening

mañana por la noche tomorrow night / tomorrow evening

ayer (por la) noche last night / yesterday evening buenas noches como saludo se traduce por good evening, sea la hora que sea. Como despedida se traduce por good night

de la noche a la mañana overnight

hacerse de noche to get dark

ser de noche to be dark

Spanish-English dictionary > noche
10 mouvement

mouvement [muvmɑ̃]

masculine noun

   a. movement

• mouvements de gymnastique physical exercises

• il approuva d'un mouvement de tête he gave a nod of approval

• elle refusa d'un mouvement de tête she shook her head in refusal

• elle eut un mouvement de recul she started back

• faire un mouvement to move

• elle ne pouvait plus faire le moindre mouvement she could no longer move at all

• suivre le mouvement to follow the crowd

• presser le mouvement to step up the pace

• le mouvement perpétuel perpetual motion

• mouvement de foule movement in the crowd

• mouvements de population shifts in population

• d'importants mouvements de troupes à la frontière large-scale troop movements along the border

• mouvement politique political movement

• le mouvement ouvrier the labour movement

• Mouvement de libération de la femme Women's Liberation Movement

• mouvement de grève strike action uncount

• mouvement de protestation protest movement

► en mouvement

• être sans cesse en mouvement to be constantly on the move

• mettre qch en mouvement to set sth in motion

• se mettre en mouvement to set off

   b. ( = impulsion, réaction) dans un mouvement de colère in a fit of anger

• des mouvements dans l'auditoire a stir in the audience

• allons, un bon mouvement ! come on, just a small gesture!

   c. ( = activité) une rue pleine de mouvement a busy street

• il aime le mouvement ( = il est dynamique) he likes to be on the go

• il n'y a pas beaucoup de mouvement le dimanche not much happens on Sundays

   d. ( = évolution) un parti du mouvement a party in favour of change

• être dans le mouvement to keep up-to-date

• un mouvement d'opinion a trend of opinion

* * *
muvmɑ̃
nom masculin

1) ( geste) movement

faire un mouvement — to move, to make a move

tu es libre de tes mouvements — you can come and go as you please; faux I

2) ( déplacement) movement, motion

le mouvement des vagues — the movement of the waves

mouvement perpétuel — perpetual motion

le mouvement de personnel dans une entreprise — staff changes in a company

mouvement de retraite — withdrawal

accélérer le mouvement — to speed up

ralentir le mouvement — to slow down

se mettre en mouvement — [troupe] to start moving; [machine] to start up

mettre quelque chose en mouvement, imprimer un mouvement à quelque chose — to set something in motion

3) ( animation) bustle

il y a du mouvement dans la rue — there's a lot of bustle in the street

une rue pleine de mouvement — a busy street

suivre le mouvement — fig to follow the crowd

4) ( élan) impulse, reaction

mon premier mouvement a été de me mettre en colère — my initial reaction ou my first impulse was to get angry

dans un mouvement de générosité — on a generous impulse

un mouvement de colère/pitié — a surge of anger/pity

un mouvement de panique — a panic reaction

un bon mouvement — a kind ou nice gesture

agir de son propre mouvement — to act of one's own accord

5) ( action collective) movement

le mouvement étudiant — the student protest movement

mouvement surréaliste — surrealist movement

mouvement de grève — strike

6) ( évolution)

le mouvement des idées — the evolution of ideas

être dans le mouvement — to move with the times

un milieu en mouvement — a changing environment

7) Économie, Finance ( fluctuation) fluctuation; ( échange) transaction; ( tendance) trend

le mouvement du marché — market fluctuations

mouvement de hausse — upward trend (de in)

un mouvement de reprise — a movement toward(s) recovery

mouvements financiers — financial transactions

mouvement de fonds — movement of funds

8) (de poème, d'œuvre musicale) movement

9) ( d'horloge) movement

mouvement d'horlogerie — clockwork mechanism

* * *
muvmɑ̃ nm
1) (= déplacement) [corps] movement

en mouvement — in motion

mettre qch en mouvement — to set sth in motion

le mouvement perpétuel — perpetual motion

2) [panique, recul] reaction

dans un mouvement de colère — in a fit of anger

3) (syndical, politique, artistique) movement

mouvement de grève — industrial action, strike

4) (= tumulte, agitation) activity, bustle

5) fig (impression de fluidité) movement

6) MUSIQUE (= rythme) tempo, (partie de morceau) movement

7) (= mécanisme d'horloge) movement

* * *

mouvement nm

1 ( geste) movement; faire un mouvement to move, to make a move; il fit un mouvement pour se dégager he made a move to break away; je ne peux pas faire un seul mouvement I can't move at all; tu es libre de tes mouvements you can come and go as you please; mouvement de danse dance movement; mouvement de gymnastique gymnastic exercise; apprendre les mouvements du crawl to learn stroke for the front crawl; avoir un mouvement d'humeur to show a flash of annoyance; ⇒ faux;

2 ( déplacement) gén movement; Phys movement, motion; le mouvement des vagues the movement of the waves; mouvements sismiques seismic movements; mouvement de reflux backward movement; le mouvement des bateaux à l'entrée du port the movement of ships at the entrance to a port; le mouvement de personnel dans une entreprise staff changes in a company; mouvement de retraite withdrawal; accélérer le mouvement to speed up; ralentir le mouvement to slow down; se mettre en mouvement to get moving; mouvement ondulatoire or périodique wave motion; mouvement hélicoïdal/ascendant/absolu/fixe helical/upward/absolute/relative motion; mouvement perpétuel perpetual motion; le mouvement d'un pendule the movement ou swing of a pendulum; la toupie décrit un mouvement de rotation the top describes a rotary motion; mettre qch en mouvement, imprimer un mouvement à qch to set sth in motion;

3 ( animation) bustle; il y a du mouvement dans la rue there's a lot of bustle in the street; toute la maison était en mouvement the whole household was bustling about ou bustling with activity; une rue pleine de mouvement a busy street; suivre le mouvement fig to follow the crowd;

4 ( élan) impulse, reaction; mon premier mouvement a été de me mettre en colère my initial reaction ou my first impulse was to get angry; dans un mouvement de générosité on a generous impulse; un mouvement de colère/pitié a surge of anger/pity; un mouvement de panique a panic reaction; un bon mouvement a kind ou nice gesture; fais un bon mouvement, donne-moi 10 euros do me a good turn and give me 10 euros; agir de son propre mouvement to act of one's own accord; un mouvement général de rejet a generally hostile reaction; un mouvement de masse a mass movement;

5 (pour contester, revendiquer) action; le mouvement étudiant the student protest movement; mouvement de contestation protest action; mouvement de grève strike, industrial action ¢; mouvement de rébellion rebel movement;

6 ( groupe) movement, group; mouvement de jeunesse youth movement; mouvement de protection/défense de movement for the protection/defence^GB of;

7 ( évolution) le mouvement des idées the evolution of ideas; être dans le mouvement to move with the times; vivre dans un milieu en mouvement to live in a changing environment; mouvement de décentralisation/démocratisation trend toward(s) decentralization/democratization; mouvement de création d'emploi trend toward(s) job creation;

8 Écon, Fin ( fluctuation) fluctuation; ( échange) transaction; ( tendance) trend; le mouvement du marché market fluctuations (pl); mouvement de hausse/de baisse upward/downward trend (de in); un mouvement de reprise a movement toward(s) recovery; mouvements financiers financial transactions; mouvement de capitaux movement ou flow of capital; mouvement d'un compte turnover on an account; mouvement de fonds movement of funds;

9 Littérat (de récit, poème) movement;

10 Mus ( partie d'une œuvre) movement;

11 Mécan (de montre, d'horloge) movement; mouvement d'horlogerie commandant un contact électrique clockwork mechanism controlling an electrical contact.

[muvmɑ̃] nom masculin

1. [geste] movement

un mouvement de tête

a. [affirmatif] a nod

b. [négatif] a shake of the head

un léger mouvement de surprise a start of surprise

avoir un mouvement de recul to start (back)

faire des mouvements de gymnastique to do some exercises

il y eut un mouvement dans la foule à l'arrivée du président a ripple ran through the crowd when the President arrived

faire un faux mouvement to pull something

2. [impulsion]

mouvement de colère fit ou burst of anger

avoir un bon mouvement to make a nice gesture

les mouvements du cœur/de l'âme (littéraire) the impulses of the heart/of the soul

3. [déplacement - d'un astre, d'un pendule] movement ; [ - de personnes] movement

PHYSIQUE motion

mouvements de capitaux ou de fonds movement of capital

mouvement de personnel ADMINISTRATION staff transfer ou changes

mouvement de repli withdrawal

mouvements de marchandises movement of goods

mouvements de troupes troop movements

il y eut un mouvement de foule the crowd surged forward

4. [évolution - des prix, des taux] trend, movement ; [ - du marché] fluctuation

mouvement en baisse/en hausse downward/upward trend

le mouvement des idées the evolution of ideas

mouvement de la population SOCIOLOGIE demographic changes

5. POLITIQUE [action collective] movement

mouvement de contestation protest movement

mouvement social industrial action

mouvement de grève strike (movement)

le mouvement syndical the trade-union (UK) ou labor-union (US) movement

Mouvement de libération de la femme Women's Liberation Movement

6. [animation - d'un quartier] bustle, liveliness ; [ - dans un aéroport, un port] movement

eh bien, il y a du mouvement chez vous! it's all go at your place!

7. GÉOGRAPHIE

mouvements sismiques seismic movements

mouvement de terrain undulation

8. [impression de vie - d'une peinture, d'une sculpture] movement ; [ - d'un vers] flow, movement ; [ - d'une robe] drape ; [ - d'un paysage] undulations

9. MUSIQUE [rythme] tempo

mouvement perpétuel moto perpetuo, perpetuum mobile

[section d'un morceau] movement

10. [mécanisme] movement

mouvement d'horlogerie movement, mechanism (of a clock or watch)

————————

en mouvement locution adjectivale

[athlète] moving, in motion

[population, troupes] on the move

————————

en mouvement locution adverbiale

mettre un mécanisme en mouvement to set a mechanism going ou in motion

le balancier se mit en mouvement the pendulum started moving

le cortège se mit en mouvement the procession started ou set off

————————

sans mouvement locution adjectivale

[personne] inert

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > mouvement
11 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
12 напряжение

напряже́ние с.
1. мех. stress

напряже́ние возника́ет — a stress arises

вызыва́ть напряже́ние — generate a stress

концентри́ровать напряже́ния — concentrate stresses

распределя́ть напряже́ние — distribute a stress

скла́дывать напряже́ния — combine stresses

снима́ть напряже́ние — relieve [relax] a stress

2. эл. voltage, tension

выключа́ть напряже́ние — deenergize

гаси́ть напряже́ние на рези́сторе — drop (some) voltage across a resistor

компенси́ровать напряже́ние противонапряже́нием — buck [back off, back out] a voltage

наводи́ть напряже́ние — induce voltage

повыша́ть напряже́ние — step up voltage

под напряже́нием — alive, live, energized

понижа́ть напряже́ние — step down voltage

преобразо́вывать напряже́ние в код — convert voltage to number

прикла́дывать напряже́ние — apply voltage to, impress voltage on

проверя́ть нали́чие напряже́ния на зажи́мах — check that voltage exists at terminals

снима́ть ( выключать) [m2]напряже́ние — deenergize

снима́ть напряже́ние (для использования, измерения и т. п.; не путать с выключа́ть напряже́ние) — tap off voltage

стабилизи́ровать напряже́ние элк. — брит. stabilize a voltage; амер. regulate a voltage

амплиту́дное напряже́ние — peak voltage

напряже́ние ано́да — ( радиолампы) брит. anode voltage; амер. plate voltage; (электроннолучевой трубки, кинескопа) anode voltage

безопа́сное напряже́ние — safe stress

бланки́рующее напряже́ние — blanking voltage

напряже́ние бортово́й се́ти — ав. airborne [airplane-system] voltage; мор. ships system voltage; авто car-system voltage

вну́треннее напряже́ние — internal [locked-up] stress

напряже́ние возбужде́ния — excitation voltage

напряже́ние вольтодоба́вки тлв. — boost voltage

напряже́ние впа́дины ( в туннельных диодах) — valley voltage

напряже́ние в рабо́чей то́чке — quiescent [Q-point] voltage

напряже́ние в то́чке максима́льной крутизны́ ( в туннельных диодах) — inflection-point voltage

напряже́ние в то́чке ма́ксимума то́ка ( в туннельных диодах) — peak(-point) voltage

входно́е напряже́ние — input voltage

вы́прямленное напряже́ние — rectified voltage

высо́кое напряже́ние — high voltage

выходно́е напряже́ние — output voltage

вя́зкостное напряже́ние — viscous stress

напряже́ние гаше́ния — blanking voltage

генера́торное напряже́ние — generator voltage

напряже́ние гетероди́на — local-oscillator signal, local-oscillator frequency

гетероди́нное напряже́ние ( не путать с напряже́нием гетероди́на) — injection [conversion] frequency (signal)

гла́вное напряже́ние — principal stress

напряже́ние двойникова́ния — twinning stress

действи́тельное напряже́ние — true [actual] stress

де́йствующее напряже́ние — r.m.s. voltage (effective voltage — уст.)

динами́ческое напряже́ние — dynamic stress

диффузио́нное напряже́ние — diffusion voltage

напряже́ние доли́ны ( в туннельных диодах) — valley voltage

едини́чное напряже́ние

1. unit stress

2. unit voltage

напряже́ние зажига́ния (в газоразрядных приборах, напр. тиратроне) — firing potential, firing voltage

зака́лочное напряже́ние — cooling [quenching] stress

замедля́ющее напряже́ние — decelerating [retarding] voltage

напряже́ние запира́ния — (в радиолампах, полупроводниковых приборах) cut-off voltage; ( в схемах) disabling voltage

заря́дное напряже́ние — charging voltage

напряже́ние зе́ркала испаре́ния тепл. — rate or evaporation per sq.m. of water surface

знакопереме́нное напряже́ние — alternate stress

напряже́ние и́мпульса обра́тного хо́да — flyback [retrace] pulse voltage

напряже́ние искре́ния — ( без перехода в дуговой разряд) sparking voltage; ( с переходом в дуговой разряд) arcing voltage

испыта́тельное напряже́ние — test voltage

каса́тельное напряже́ние — tangential stress

кольцево́е напряже́ние ( в тонких оболочках) мор. — hoop stress

напряже́ние коро́ткого замыка́ния — short-circuit voltage

напряже́ние коро́ткого замыка́ния трансформа́тора — impedance voltage of a transformer

лине́йное напряже́ние

1. мех. linear stress

2. эл. line voltage

магни́тное напряже́ние — magnetic difference of potential m.d.p.

напряже́ние на ано́де, като́де, ба́зе, колле́кторе и т. п. — plate, cathode, base, collector, etc. voltage

напряже́ние нагру́зки — load voltage

напряже́ние на зажи́мах исто́чника эдс — terminal voltage

напряже́ние нака́ла — ( прямого) filament voltage; ( косвенного) beater voltage (допустимо filament voltage в обоих случаях)

напряже́ние нака́чки (в лазерах, параметрических усилителях) — pump(ing) voltage

напряже́ние насыще́ния ( в транзисторах) — saturation voltage

номина́льное напряже́ние — rated [nominal] voltage

напряже́ние обра́тного зажига́ния — fire-back voltage

обра́тное напряже́ние полупр. — reverse [inverse] voltage

объё́мное напряже́ние — volumetric stress

одноо́сное напряже́ние — uniaxial stress

окружно́е напряже́ние — hoop [tangential] stress

операти́вное напряже́ние ( на станциях или подстанциях для управления переключением) — control voltage

опо́рное напряже́ние — reference voltage, voltage reference

осево́е напряже́ние — axial stress

осесимметри́чное напряже́ние — axisymmetrical stress

основно́е напряже́ние — basic stress

оста́точное напряже́ние

1. мех. residual stress

2. эл. residual voltage

отклоня́ющее напряже́ние ( в ЭЛТ) — deflection voltage

напряже́ние относи́тельно земли́ — voltage to earth

напряже́ние отпира́ния ла́мпы элк. — cut-on voltage

напряже́ние отпира́ния по пе́рвой, второ́й или тре́тьей се́тке элк. — control, screen or suppressor grid base

напряже́ние отпира́ния по се́тке элк. — grid base

напряже́ние отража́теля ( в клистроне) — repeller voltage

напряже́ние от самокомпенса́ции — extension stress

напряже́ние отсе́чки — cut-off voltage; ( в полевом транзисторе) pinch-off voltage

напряже́ние от торможе́ния — braking stress

напряже́ние парово́го объё́ма — rate of evaporation per cu.m. of steam space

перви́чное напряже́ние — primary voltage

напряже́ние перебро́са — turnover voltage

переключа́ющее напряже́ние — switching voltage

напряже́ние перекры́тия изоля́ции — flashover voltage

напряже́ние переме́нного то́ка — alternating [a.c.] voltage

напряже́ние перехо́дного проце́сса — transient voltage

напряже́ние пи́ка ( в туннельных диодах) — peak point voltage

пи́ковое напряже́ние — peak voltage

пилообра́зное напряже́ние — sawtooth voltage

напряже́ние пита́ния — supply voltage

пла́вающее напряже́ние ( в биполярных транзисторах) — floating voltage

напряже́ние пове́рхности нагре́ва тепл. — rate of evaporation

напряже́ние пове́рхности нагре́ва по испарё́нной вла́ге тепл. — overall rate of evaporation

пове́рхностное напряже́ние — surface stress

напряже́ние погаса́ния ( в газоразрядных приборах) — extinction potential, extinction voltage

напряже́ние под нагру́зкой — load stress

напряже́ние подсве́тки — intensifier voltage

подфокуси́рующее напряже́ние элк. — focusing voltage

по́лное напряже́ние

1. мех. combined [compound, composite] stress

2. эл. total voltage

поро́говое напряже́ние — threshold voltage

напряже́ние постоя́нного то́ка — direct [d.c.] voltage

постоя́нное напряже́ние ( неизменной величины) — constant [fixed] voltage

предвари́тельное напряже́ние (напр. арматуры, бетона) — prestresing

преде́льное напряже́ние — ultimate [limit, breaking] stress

напряже́ние при изги́бе — bending stress

напряже́ние при круче́нии — torsional [twisting] stress

напряже́ние при переги́бе ( в корпусе судна) — hogging stress

напряже́ние при проги́бе ( в корпусе судна) — sagging stress

напряже́ние при разры́ве — rupture stress

напряже́ние при растяже́нии — tensile stress

напряже́ние при сдви́ге — shear(ing) stress

напряже́ние при сжа́тии — compressive stress

напряже́ние при скру́чивании — torsional stress

напряже́ние при сре́зе — shearing stress

напряже́ние при уда́ре — impact stress

пробивно́е напряже́ние ( изоляции) — breakdown [disruptive, puncture] voltage

напряже́ние пробо́я (в полупроводниковых приборах, разрядниках) — break-down voltage

напряже́ние пробо́я, динами́ческое — dynamic break-down voltage

напряже́ние пробо́я, стати́ческое — static break-down voltage

напряже́ние проко́ла ( в микросплавных транзисторах) — punch-through [reach-through] voltage

напряже́ние промы́шленной частоты́ — commercial-frequency [power-frequency] voltage

просто́е напряже́ние — simple stress

прямо́е напряже́ние полупр. — forward voltage

псофометри́ческое напряже́ние — psophometric voltage

напряже́ние развё́ртки — sweep voltage

разруша́ющее напряже́ние — breaking stress

разрывно́е напряже́ние — rupture stress

напряже́ние разря́да, коне́чное (в аккумуляторах, элементах) — final voltage

напряже́ние рассогласова́ния ( в системах регулирования) — error voltage

расчё́тное напряже́ние — design stress

реакти́вное напряже́ние — reactive voltage

напряже́ние сби́вки нуля́ ( в сельсинах) — anti-stickoff voltage

напряже́ние се́ти — брит. mains voltage; амер. supply-line voltage

напряже́ние се́тки ( в радиолампах) — grid potential, grid voltage

рабо́тать при положи́тельном напряже́нии се́тки — operate [run] a tube with the grid positive

напряже́ние сигна́ла — signal voltage

напряже́ние [m2]сигна́ла выделя́ется на сопротивле́нии нагру́зки R_H — the signal voltage is developed across the load resistor R_L

синфа́зное напряже́ние ( в дифференциальных усилителях) — common-mode voltage

напряже́ние синхрониза́ции — sync voltage

ска́лывающее напряже́ние — cleavage stress

сло́жное напряже́ние — combined stress

напряже́ние смеще́ния — bias voltage

получа́ть напряже́ние смеще́ния за счёт протека́ния като́дного то́ка че́рез рези́стор — derive [develop] bias voltage by the passage of cathode current through a resistor

напряже́ние смыка́ния ( в транзисторах) — punch-through [reach-through] voltage

напряже́ние сраба́тывания ре́ле — operate voltage (не путать с рабо́чим напряже́нием)

средневы́прямленное напряже́ние (напр. синусоидального тока) — half-period average voltage

напряже́ние стабилиза́ции ( в рабочем диапазоне тока) — stabilizing voltage

напряже́ние сцепле́ния — bond stress

напряже́ние та́ктовой частоты́ — clock voltage

тангенциа́льное напряже́ние — tangential stress

температу́рное напряже́ние — temperature stress

теплово́е напряже́ние — beat [thermal, temperature] stress

терми́ческое напряже́ние — thermal [temperature, beat] stress

напряже́ние то́почного простра́нства — beat liberated (by fuel) per cu.m. per hour

тормозя́щее напряже́ние — breaking [retarding] voltage

напряже́ние трениро́вки

1. ( в радиолампах) pre-burn [ageing] voltage

2. т. над. burn-in voltage

напряже́ние тро́гания ( в электрической машине) — breakaway voltage

уде́льное напряже́ние — specific stress

управля́ющее напряже́ние — control voltage

упру́гое напряже́ние — elastic stress

уса́дочное напряже́ние — shrinkage stress

ускоря́ющее напряже́ние — accelerating voltage

уста́лостное напряже́ние — fatigue stress

напряже́ние устране́ния ло́жного нуля́ ( в сельсинах) — anti-stickoff voltage

фа́зовое напряже́ние — phase voltage

фокуси́рующее напряже́ние — focusing voltage

напряже́ние формова́ния напряже́ние — forming voltage

напряже́ние холосто́го хо́да — ( между двумя зажимами электрической цепи) open-circuit voltage; ( электрооборудования) no-load voltage

хрони́рующее напряже́ние — timing voltage

цепно́е напряже́ние — membrane stress

цикли́ческое напряже́ние — cyclic(al) stress

ша́говое напряже́ние

1. ( в грозоразрядниках) pace voltage

2. ( безопасное для обслуживающего персонала) step voltage

напряже́ние шу́мов — noise voltage

напряже́ние электро́нного лу́ча — beam voltage

электростати́ческое напряже́ние — electrostatic pressure

электрострикцио́нное напряже́ние — piezoelectric stress

эффекти́вное напряже́ние — r.m.s. [effective] voltage

Русско-английский политехнический словарь > напряжение
13 quotus

quŏtus, a, um, adj. [quot], which or what in number, order, etc.; of what number, how many (class.):
quotus erit iste denarius, qui non sit ferendus?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 94, § 220:
scire velim, chartis pretium quotus arroget annus,
Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 35:
quota pars illi rerum periere mearum,
Ov. M. 7, 522: hora quota est? what o ' clock is it? (prop. what is the number of the hour?), Hor. S. 2, 6, 44:
scis, quota de Libyco litore puppis eat,
how many ships, Mart. 9, 36, 8: tu, quotus esse velis, rescribe, of what number you wish to be, i. e. how many guests you would like to have invited with you, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 30: pars quota laudis, how great, i. e. how very small, Ov. Am. 2, 12, 9:
quota pars terraï,
Lucr. 6, 652; Ov. M. 9, 69; Curt. 5, 5, 14.—In connection with quisque (also in one word, quŏtusquisque) to designate a small number, how few; it may also be rendered into English by how many (in Cic. only in nom. and in principal clause): quotus enim quisque philosophorum invenitur, qui sit ita moratus, ut ratio postulat? how many? i. e. how few! Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:
quotus enim quisque disertus? quotus quisque juris peritus est?
id. Planc. 25, 62:
quoto cuique lorica est?
Curt. 9, 3, 11; Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8:
forma quota quaeque superbit?
Ov. A. A. 3, 103:
quotum quemque inveneris, qui, etc.,
Tac. Or. 29:
nam quoto cuique eadem honestatis cura secreto, quae palam?
Plin. Ep. 3, 20, 8:
repete memoriā tecum quotus quisque dies ut destinaveras recesserit,
Sen. Brev. Vit. 3, 3:
quoto quoque loco libebit,
in whatsoever place one may wish, Auct. Her. 3, 17, 30.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > quotus
14 Savery, Thomas

SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering

[br]

b. c. 1650 probably Shilston, near Modbury, Devonshire, England

d. c. 15 May 1715 London, England

[br]

English inventor of a partially successful steam-driven pump for raising water.

[br]

Little is known of the early years of Savery's life and no trace has been found that he served in the Army, so the title "Captain" is thought to refer to some mining appointment, probably in the West of England. He may have been involved in the Glorious Revolution of 1688, for later he was well known to William of Orange. From 1705 to 1714 he was Treasurer for Sick and Wounded Seamen, and in 1714 he was appointed Surveyor of the Water Works at Hampton Court, a post he held until his death the following year. He was interested in mechanical devices; amongst his early contrivances was a clock.

He was the most prolific inventor of his day, applying for seven patents, including one in 1649, for polishing plate glass which may have been used. His idea for 1697 for propelling ships with paddle-wheels driven by a capstan was a failure, although regarded highly by the King, and was published in his first book, Navigation Improved (1698). He tried to patent a new type of floating mill in 1707, and an idea in 1710 for baking sea coal or other fuel in an oven to make it clean and pure.

His most famous invention, however, was the one patented in 1698 "for raising water by the impellent force of fire" that Savery said would drain mines or low-lying land, raise water to supply towns or houses, and provide a source of water for turning mills through a water-wheel. Basically it consisted of a receiver which was first filled with steam and then cooled to create a vacuum by having water poured over the outside. The water to be pumped was drawn into the receiver from a lower sump, and then high-pressure steam was readmitted to force the water up a pipe to a higher level. It was demonstrated to the King and the Royal Society and achieved some success, for a few were installed in the London area and a manufactory set up at Salisbury Court in London. He published a book, The Miner's Friend, about his engine in 1702, but although he made considerable improvements, due to excessive fuel consumption and materials which could not withstand the steam pressures involved, no engines were installed in mines as Savery had hoped. His patent was extended in 1699 until 1733 so that it covered the atmospheric engine of Thomas Newcomen who was forced to join Savery and his other partners to construct this much more practical engine.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1706.

Bibliography

1698, Navigation Improved.

1702, The Miner's Friend.

Further Reading

The entry in the Dictionary of National Biography (1897, Vol. L, London: Smith Elder \& Co.) has been partially superseded by more recent research. The Transactions of the Newcomen Society contain various papers; for example, Rhys Jenkins, 1922–3, "Savery, Newcomen and the early history of the steam engine", Vol. 3; A.Stowers, 1961–2, "Thomas Newcomen's first steam engine 250 years ago and the initial development of steam power", Vol. 34; A.Smith, 1977–8, "Steam and the city: the committee of proprietors of the invention for raising water by fire", 1715–1735, Vol. 49; and J.S.P.Buckland, 1977–8, "Thomas Savery, his steam engine workshop of 1702", Vol. 49. Brief accounts may be found in H.W. Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press, and R.L. Hills, 1989, Power from Steam. A History of the Stationary Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press. There is another biography in T.I. Williams (ed.), 1969, A Biographical Dictionary of Scientists, London: A. \& C.Black.

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Savery, Thomas
15 هي (لغير العاقل)

هِيَ (لغير العاقل)‏ \ it: for lifeless things; for babies or animals (when the sex is unknown or unimportant): Write it down. The baby died soon after it was born, for any word or group of words, esp. when there is no natural subject It (the weather) is raining. It (the time) is ten o’clock. It (the distance) is sixty miles to London. Is it (what I have heard) true? It (what happened) was his fault. \ See Also ها \ هِيَ \ she: pron. used, as the subject of a sentence, for any female (note that certain things, esp. ships or countries, may be treated in English speech as female): My wife says that she knows you. The ship struck a rock, but she was not badly damaged. they: the pl. form of he, she and it: The girls say that they are hungry. \ هِيَ ذي! \ there: used for drawing attention: There she is! There’s the hospital.

Arabic-English dictionary > هي (لغير العاقل)

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face that would stop a clock — noun a) A shockingly unattractive face. He described the thug as a very ugly and wicked looking man, with a face that would stop a clock . b) A shockingly attractive face. We realize that all women are fair only in theory and that if we arranged… … Wiktionary
Jack-of-the-clock — Jack Jack (j[a^]k), n. [F. Jacques James, L. Jacobus, Gr. ?, Heb. Ya aq[=o]b Jacob; prop., seizing by the heel; hence, a supplanter. Cf. {Jacobite}, {Jockey}.] [1913 Webster] 1. A familiar nickname of, or substitute for, John. [1913 Webster] You… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Time dilation — This article is about a concept in physics. For the concept in sociology, see time displacement. In the theory of relativity, time dilation is an observed difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers either moving… … Wikipedia

Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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ships clock

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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ships clock

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